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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a common condition of the nervous system that affects 4,4 percent of the population. It is associated with high rates of comorbidity, such as anxiety, depression and substance abuse and significant social, emotional and occupational impairments. Medications and psychotherapy are both effective treatments for adults with ADHD. Stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are the most commonly prescribed medications. Medicines Many adults suffering from ADHD have significant improvements in their symptoms and performance as a result of medication. Because of the different ways people respond to medications it is essential for those with ADHD to find a combination that is effective. Stimulants, like amphetamines and methylphenidate, are the most commonly prescribed medications for adults with ADHD. They are available in tablets or liquids in an immediate-release (short acting) formulation. They can be taken every three to four hours. Some adults can supplement their immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medicine used once per day to lessen the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD are also treated effectively with antidepressants, such as desipramine. This class of drugs may be utilized together with stimulants or on their own to boost their effects. They can also increase the danger of serious side consequences, like rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam or clonidine, which are both Alpha-2 antagonists of the adrenergic system. These medications, originally designed to treat high blood pressure, have the ability to calm and improve focus and decrease the amount of impulsivity and hyperactivity in certain adults. These medications can lead to very low blood pressure if they are suddenly stopped, or the dosage is reduced. Psychotherapy is also beneficial for adults suffering from ADHD. Individual therapy can help them deal with their feelings of shame and embarrassment over their ADHD, as well as anger towards supervisors, coworkers teachers, and family members who may nag or criticize them. Additionally counseling for families and marriages can help couples suffering from ADHD be able to recognize each other's challenges and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy The primary goal of psychosocial therapy for adult ADHD is to help people learn strategies and skills that help improve function in everyday life. Psychotherapy can also aid those with ADHD overcome their low self-esteem and feeling of failure that often accompanies this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is also referred to as cognitive behavioral therapy helps people change their negative thoughts and feelings that are causing problems in their life. It teaches them new ways to think, feel and behave. This short-term, goal-oriented type of psychotherapy has proven to be effective for many conditions such as anxiety and depression. It can be used by itself or in conjunction with other treatments. CBT can involve group therapy, which can be particularly helpful for adults with ADHD, as it provides the opportunity to interact with other people who have similar struggles and to learn how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be offered in person or over the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to the standard treatment for adults who have ADHD. Both treatments helped improve self-reporting measures like symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. A number of studies have compared CBT with other psychosocial treatments for people with ADHD and have all shown significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect sizes. These improvements were linked to various modalities, including interpersonal and cognitive behavior therapy and social skills training. problem solving training, as well as mindfulness meditation. However, caution is warranted in comparing the efficacy of various treatments for adult ADHD. It is possible that the differences in the results of treatment result from a variety of factors, including treatment features and the methods used. There are few studies that have investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback. This method involves wearing a hat with electrodes while performing cognitive tasks to determine brain regions where there is a lack or excess of activity. The person then learns to control these patterns. Counseling Many people with ADHD also have comorbid mood or anxiety disorders that need treatment. Counseling can address these problems which may be causing ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is among the psychotherapy approaches that can help improve the ability of a person to resolve conflicts and build lasting relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help control self-destructive, impulsive and negative behavior that can cause problems at school or work. In certain situations psychotherapy is sometimes used in combination with medication for adults with adhd treatment. People who have comorbid conditions like bipolar disorder, and substance abuse need to be evaluated carefully to ensure that they do not have symptoms that cannot be ameliorated by the medications that are prescribed to treat ADHD. Patients with certain medical conditions such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and seizures in the past, need to be treated with more vigor because they are more at risk of complications from medications. Outpatient intensive programs may be suggested if the individual's ADHD is such that it hinders their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs provide structured treatment that is more intense than conventional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is a type of cognitive therapy, aids adults with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time, impulse control, planning and executive function. It helps them recognize and express their feelings. It employs worksheets and exercises to make the lessons more enjoyable. Mindfulness meditation training improves CBT, and it improves the ability of people to concentrate and regulate their emotions. It enhances the capacity of a person to manage the effects of stress and arousal. It helps them deal with sadness, anger and other emotions which could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD have issues functioning at work and at home. These symptoms can also affect relationships and cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you improve your self-esteem, resolve the root of your issue and develop healthy coping mechanisms. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a useful treatment for adults suffering from ADHD because it helps you modify your negative beliefs and behaviors. In particular, it is focused on teaching you how to utilize strategies for managing time and overcoming thinking distortions that contribute to negative moods and perceptions of a limited selection. Many people suffering from ADHD suffer from anxiety or depression disorders that are comorbid. These psychiatric disorders can reduce or even increase the effectiveness of some medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore it is recommended that you treat the most severe disorder comorbid to ADHD first and monitor its response to medication before proceeding to treatment of the other disorder. adhd treatment for adult women can help you learn ways to organize your life and work, establish predictable routines, manage time and money and build confidence in yourself. It can also help you learn ways to relax that could reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. In the same way, yoga and other exercise can aid in improving your focus by ensuring your body is stable in various poses. Family and marriage counseling can help adults with ADHD to resolve the issues they create for their children, spouses and friends. They often complain of being unreliable and disorganized. They are also prone to forget things or make impulsive decisions. Therapy and classes where spouses and other family members are educated on ADHD can help you establish more harmonious relationships. It can also help you and your family members to understand that the issues are caused by ADHD instead of the lack of care or an unwillingness to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a neurobiological disorder that is very frequent. It is often associated with co-occurring conditions like anxiety, depression and abuse disorders. Treatment options include psychosocial and medication interventions. There are a variety of medications available to adults suffering from ADHD and a few of them have been tested in clinical trials. These studies have revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the drugs. Adults with ADHD have the same symptoms as children, but it isn't always easy to identify them since childhood symptoms might not last into adulthood. Additionally, people with ADHD might not have a family history of the disorder in their family or they may not even remember experiencing symptoms. A thorough medical history is essential to determine if the symptoms are caused by an illness like thyroid problems, sleep apnea, vision and hearing problems or lead poisoning. Adults suffering from ADHD are treated with stimulants or non-stimulants. Stimulants are the most effective medication for treating adults with ADHD and their responsiveness rates are in the 70 – 80% range. The most commonly used stimulants are methylphenidate and amphetamine compounds. Methylphenidate is also available in a transdermal system, that allows for continuous supply of medication throughout the day. Adults with ADHD are able to take nonstimulant medication that act on norepinephrine or dopamine. Desipramine is one of the most studied tricyclic drug and has been proven to be effective in adult patients suffering from ADHD. It is a low dose medication and is recommended to increase the dose by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired response is observed. Bupropion XL is a second antidepressant that has been proven to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that works by blocking norepinephrine reuptake at the presynaptic transporter, increasing its availability in brain. The drug is known to improve mood in adults and reduce hyperactivity however it's not as effective in improving concentration or cognitive function as stimulants.